{"id":73827,"date":"2025-01-23T12:50:07","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T11:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/?p=73827"},"modified":"2025-01-23T12:50:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T11:50:37","slug":"nemcina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/blog\/nemcina\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bm\u010dina"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o&nbsp;n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Po\u010det mluv\u010d\u00edch<\/strong>: N\u011bm\u010dinou mluv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 185 milion\u016f lid\u00ed po&nbsp;cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, z&nbsp;toho asi 100 milion\u016f ji m\u00e1 jako rodn\u00fd jazyk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk<\/strong>: N\u011bm\u010dina je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem v&nbsp;N\u011bmecku, Rakousku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, Lichten\u0161tejnsku, Lucembursku, Belgii a&nbsp;It\u00e1lii (v&nbsp;Ji\u017en\u00edm Tyrolsku).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Postaven\u00ed v&nbsp;EU<\/strong>: V&nbsp;Evropsk\u00e9 unii je n\u011bm\u010dina nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem a&nbsp;jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch jazyk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost<\/strong>: N\u011bm\u010dina pat\u0159\u00ed do germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u011btve indoevropsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Jak \u201evelk\u00fd\u201c jazyk n\u011bm\u010dina je?<\/h3>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed trochu matematiky. Po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u011bmecky p\u0159irozen\u011b mluv\u00ed, tedy lid\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 je n\u011bm\u010dina rodn\u00fd nebo \u201edruh\u00fd\u201c jazyk, dosahuje v&nbsp;sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 185 milion\u016f. Celkov\u011b se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi \u201eTop Ten\u201c, mezi deset nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Podstatn\u00e9 jsou i&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje:<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0Evrop\u011b je n\u011bm\u010dina druh\u00fd nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jazyk (hned po&nbsp;ru\u0161tin\u011b). Krom\u011b toho je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem hned v\u00a07\u00a0zem\u00edch. Na \u00fazem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie je n\u011bm\u010dina v\u016fbec nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem a&nbsp;vedle angli\u010dtiny a&nbsp;francouz\u0161tiny je tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch jazyk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00a0unijn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159adech.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fduka n\u011bm\u010diny za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 kapkou etymologie<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e trochu zabrous\u00edme do etymologie, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee se s\u00a0n\u011bm\u010dinou p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b setk\u00e1v\u00e1me na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku. T\u0159eba: Napadlo by v\u00e1s, \u017ee z\u00a0n\u011bm\u010diny k\u00a0n\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161la <em>kapusta<\/em> nebo <em>pu\u0161ka<\/em>? A&nbsp;co takov\u00e1 <em>l\u00e9ko\u0159ice<\/em>, <em>libe\u010dek<\/em>, <em>petr\u017eel<\/em> nebo <em>ba\u017eant<\/em>? Ty vypadaj\u00ed opravdu dom\u00e1cky, zn\u00ed n\u00e1m tak \u010desky\u2026 Jen\u017ee etymologie \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Tahle slova maj\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ko\u0159eny.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1te etymologii r\u00e1di, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1s napadnout: V\u017edy\u0165 ta slova, o\u00a0kter\u00fdch se tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159e\u0161la z\u00a0n\u011bm\u010diny, jsou p\u016fvodn\u011b latinsk\u00e1!<\/p>\n<p>Ano, to je pravda, v\u011bt\u0161inou to tak je. Ov\u0161em toto pro na\u0161e p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 \u2013 kv\u016fli velk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 prov\u00e1zanosti \u010de\u0161tiny a\u00a0n\u011bm\u010diny toti\u017e plat\u00ed, \u017ee i\u00a0slova, kter\u00e1 jsou p\u016fvodn\u011b latinsk\u00e1, se do \u010desk\u00e9 mluvy skoro v\u017edy dostala \u201eoklikou\u201c p\u0159es n\u011bm\u010dinu.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d je n\u011bm\u010dina pro \u010cechy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"columns columns-2\" data-columns=\"2\">\n<div class=\"column column-1\">\n<p>N\u011bmecky se dob\u0159e domluv\u00edte v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch koutech sv\u011bta. Kdo m\u00e1 r\u00e1d cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u011b u\u017e zjistil, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 angli\u010dtina mnohde nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b nezbytn\u00e1. N\u011bm\u010dinu velmi dob\u0159e vyu\u017eijete nejen\u00a0v\u00a0N\u011bmecku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a&nbsp;Rakousku, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Lichten\u0161tejnsku, Belgii, D\u00e1nsku, Lucembursku, Francii, It\u00e1lii, Braz\u00edlii, Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a&nbsp;\u2013 Namibii.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bmeck\u00fd jazyk samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vyu\u017eijete i&nbsp;jindy ne\u017e jen p\u0159i&nbsp;cestov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cesko je n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnicky velmi atraktivn\u00ed zem\u011b, a&nbsp;z\u00a0Rakouska, N\u011bmecka i&nbsp;\u0160v\u00fdcarska sem ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ijedou tis\u00edce lid\u00ed \u2013 turist\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 sportovc\u016f, student\u016f, um\u011blc\u016f a&nbsp;byznysmen\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column column-2\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-73877\" src=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/nemcina-blog.jpg\" alt=\"N\u011bm\u010dina, N\u011bmecko, Berl\u00edn\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Proto m\u016f\u017eeme o&nbsp;n\u011bm\u010din\u011b re\u00e1ln\u011b uva\u017eovat jako o&nbsp;jazyce, kter\u00fd je hodn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u011bm\u010dina \u2013 jazyk turismu, gastronomie i&nbsp;byznysu<\/h3>\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 firmy z\u00a0n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed maj\u00ed velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem navazovat pracovn\u00ed kontakty s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi firmami. Tak\u00e9 se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi a&nbsp;\u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, kter\u00e9 na \u010desk\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm trhu hledaj\u00ed specialisty z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Kdo pracuje v\u00a0turismu, l\u00e1ze\u0148stv\u00ed nebo gastronomii, ten n\u011bm\u010dinu nepodce\u0148uje. V\u00ed, jak dobr\u00e9 je p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u016fj byznys n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed klientele. Trojjazy\u010dn\u00fd person\u00e1l. Trojjazy\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00eddeln\u00ed l\u00edstky, let\u00e1\u010dky a&nbsp;propaga\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly; trojjazy\u010dn\u00e9 instrukce a&nbsp;informace ve sportovn\u00edch are\u00e1lech \u010di&nbsp;na historick\u00fdch objektech. To v\u0161echno jsou komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed profesionalitu, p\u0159\u00e1telskost a&nbsp;vst\u0159\u00edcnost. N\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed klient je ocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d tedy n\u011bm\u010dina v\u00a0\u010cesku st\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed mezi jazyky, kter\u00e9 nejsou moc obl\u00edben\u00e9? V\u011bt\u0161inou lid\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed jeden z\u00a0t\u011bchto dvou d\u016fvod\u016f: nen\u00ed hezk\u00e1 ani libozvu\u010dn\u00e1 a&nbsp;je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 se ji nau\u010dit.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u011bm\u010dina je o\u0161kliv\u00e1 a&nbsp;t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1. Je to pravda?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"columns columns-2\" data-columns=\"2\">\n<div class=\"column column-1\">\n<p>Pokud jde o&nbsp;kr\u00e1su a&nbsp;libozvu\u010dnost, je tento argument pon\u011bkud v\u00e1gn\u00ed, rozhodn\u011b ne exaktn\u00ed \u2013 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed zde hodn\u011b na osobn\u00edm vkusu.<\/p>\n<p>Jist\u011b, n\u011bm\u010dina nen\u00ed graci\u00e9zn\u00ed jako francouz\u0161tina, nen\u00ed ohniv\u00e1 jako ital\u0161tina a&nbsp;nen\u00ed roztan\u010den\u00e1 jako \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina. Ale na druhou stranu, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u010din\u011b p\u0159ece vznikly takov\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed skvosty, jako je Goethova <em>Poh\u00e1dka o&nbsp;zelen\u00e9m hadu a&nbsp;kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 Lilii<\/em>, a&nbsp;takov\u00e1 hudebn\u00ed d\u00edla, jako je Mozartova <em>Kouzeln\u00e1 fl\u00e9tna<\/em> \u2013 a&nbsp;ty bychom si asi nedovolili ozna\u010dit jako nelibozvu\u010dn\u00e9 a&nbsp;o\u0161kliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 uveden\u00e1 v\u00fdhrada k\u00a0n\u011bm\u010din\u011b je u\u017e opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nau\u010dit se n\u011bmecky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b trochu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column column-2\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-73880\" src=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/nemcina-blog-kurz.jpg\" alt=\"N\u011bm\u010dina, N\u011bmecko, Berl\u00edn\" width=\"420\" height=\"279\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jemci o&nbsp;studium n\u011bm\u010diny maj\u00ed obavy z\u00a0nezvykl\u00e9 gramatiky, z\u00a0p\u0159ehlasovan\u00fdch samohl\u00e1sek, z\u00a0ostr\u00e9ho \u00df nebo z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch sp\u0159e\u017eek.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se ov\u0161em na tyto speciality pod\u00edvaj\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e, rychle zjist\u00ed, \u017ee to vlastn\u011b tak slo\u017eit\u00e9 nen\u00ed \u2013 rozhodn\u011b ne tak jako \u010desk\u00fdch sedm p\u00e1d\u016f pro substantiva, adjektiva, z\u00e1jmena a&nbsp;\u010d\u00edslovky.<\/p>\n<p>Ani dal\u0161\u00ed pravopisn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady nejsou nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hrozn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno, j\u00edm\u017e za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed substantiva: n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho je pro n\u00e1s nezvykl\u00e9, ov\u0161em je to jen jedno pravidlo a&nbsp;zvyknout si na n\u011bj je snadn\u00e9. P\u0159i&nbsp;dob\u0159e veden\u00e9 v\u00fduce n\u011bm\u010diny je to ot\u00e1zka n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo lekc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Co mo\u017en\u00e1 o&nbsp;n\u011bm\u010din\u011b nev\u00edte<\/h3>\n<p>N\u011bm\u010dina tedy nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro \u010desk\u00e9 studuj\u00edc\u00ed ani nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 a&nbsp;nesympatick\u00e1, ani nep\u0159ekonateln\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Naopak, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0hodn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a&nbsp;n\u011bkdy i&nbsp;legra\u010dn\u00ed. Humorn\u00e9 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 student\u016fm n\u011bm\u010diny nejdel\u0161\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b existuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 slovo: <strong>Grundst\u00fccksverkehrsgenehmigungszust\u00e4ndigkeits\u00fcbertragungsverordnung.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Doslovn\u00fd p\u0159eklad z\u00a0n\u011bm\u010diny by mohl b\u00fdt \u201ena\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o&nbsp;delegov\u00e1n\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0povolen\u00edm p\u0159epravovat p\u016fdu\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Jako asi v&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9m jazyce, i\u00a0v\u00a0n\u011bm\u010din\u011b existuj\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b specifick\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0jin\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch (nebo alespo\u0148 v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b) v\u016fbec neexistuj\u00ed. A&nbsp;p\u0159itom jsou tak \u0161ikovn\u00e1!<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto jde o&nbsp;slova, kter\u00e1 popisuj\u00ed stav n\u011b\u010d\u00ed du\u0161e. Nap\u0159\u00edklad das Fernweh. Znamen\u00e1 \u201etouhu vyrazit n\u011bkam do sv\u011bta\u201c. V\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b sice m\u00e1me souslov\u00ed \u201eboty z\u00a0toulav\u00e9ho telete\u201c, to je tak\u00e9 p\u011bkn\u00e9, ale nem\u016f\u017eeme ho pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m textu, ne v\u0161ude by stylisticky bylo na m\u00edst\u011b. Kde\u017eto takov\u00e9 das Fernweh\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 je i\u00a0das Kopfkino. N\u011bm\u010din\u00e1\u0159 v\u00e1m vysv\u011btl\u00ed, \u017ee je to takov\u00fd specifick\u00fd stav, kdy ve sv\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch a&nbsp;fantazi\u00edch pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Nen\u00ed to sn\u011bn\u00ed, nen\u00ed to fantaz\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed, nen\u00ed to ani vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed \u2013 je to prost\u011b das Kopfkino.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00ed slovo, kter\u00e9 byste mohli ocenit, je die Zweisamkeit, tedy pozitivn\u011b vn\u00edman\u00e1 samota ve dvou.<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, co mysl\u00edte?<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b origin\u00e1ln\u00ed jsou i&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00e1 slova pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Kdy\u017e um\u00edte n\u011bmecky, m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edkat der BR\u00dcCKENTAG (den, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed mezi sv\u00e1tkem a&nbsp;v\u00edkendem), das ABENDBROT (studen\u00e1 ve\u010de\u0159e, t\u0159eba chleba se s\u00fdrem, sal\u00e1mem nebo \u0161unkou) nebo das ABENDESSEN (tepl\u00e1 ve\u010de\u0159e). Anebo mo\u017en\u00e1 vyu\u017eijete praktickou die SCHNAPSIDEE \u2013 to kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebuje \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee tenhle n\u00e1pad je tedy p\u011bkn\u011b nepromy\u0161len\u00fd, bl\u00e1zniv\u00fd, \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sk\u0159iv\u00e1nek poskytuje v\u0161echny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/preklady\/preklady-nemcina\/\">p\u0159eklady z&nbsp;n\u011bm\u010diny<\/a> (a&nbsp;do n\u011bm\u010diny, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/tlumoceni\/tlumoceni-nemcina\/\">tlumo\u010den\u00ed n\u011bm\u010diny<\/a> (obousm\u011brn\u00e9, v\u0161echny typy tlumo\u010den\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/jazykova-skola\/\">v\u00fduku n\u011bm\u010diny<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/jazykova-skola\/individualni-vyuka-jazyku\/nemcina\/\">individu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/jazykova-skola\/kurzy\/\">skupinov\u00e1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/jazykova-skola\/online-vyuka\/\">online<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/jazykova-skola\/telefonicka-vyuka\/\">telefonick\u00e1<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pro\u010d je jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f sv\u011bta. Kolik lid\u00ed j\u00ed mluv\u00ed, kde je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem a&nbsp;jak ovliv\u0148uje na\u0161i kulturu, v\u011bdu i&nbsp;byznys.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":73836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73827"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73918,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73827\/revisions\/73918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}