{"id":74955,"date":"2025-04-03T14:11:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T12:11:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/?p=74955"},"modified":"2025-04-03T14:11:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T12:11:14","slug":"ceske-idiomy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/blog\/ceske-idiomy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00e9 idiomy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Oko\u0159e\u0148te si jazyk zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi fr\u00e1zemi!<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo \u201em\u00e1slo na hlav\u011b\u201c, rozhodn\u011b nejde o&nbsp;kucha\u0159sk\u00fd experiment. A&nbsp;kdy\u017e \u201ete\u010de do bot\u201c, rad\u011bji se rychle rozh\u00fdbe \u2013 i&nbsp;kdy\u017e m\u00e1 such\u00e9 pono\u017eky. \ud83e\uddc8\ud83d\udc5e<\/p>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00fd jazyk je pln\u00fd barevn\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f, kter\u00e9 neznamenaj\u00ed to, co na prvn\u00ed pohled vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed. Idiomy \u2013 tedy ust\u00e1len\u00e1 slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s&nbsp;obrazn\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem \u2013 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u0161emu projevu \u0161mrnc, humor i&nbsp;trefnost.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e chcete zpest\u0159it svou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu, l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt rodil\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm, nebo se jen pobavit nad t\u00edm, jak jazyk dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ekvapit \u2013 sv\u011bt \u010desk\u00fdch idiom\u016f v\u00e1s nadchne!<\/p>\n<h3>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159ehled \u010desk\u00fdch idiom\u016f podle tematick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed:<\/h3>\n<div class=\"columns columns-2\" data-columns=\"2\">\n<div class=\"column column-1\">\n<h4><strong>Ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00fdt na n\u011bkoho jako pes<\/li>\n<li>Je v&nbsp;tom zakopan\u00fd pes<\/li>\n<li>L\u00edn\u00fd jako ve\u0161<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fdt mazan\u00fd jako li\u0161ka<\/li>\n<li>D\u011blat z&nbsp;kom\u00e1ra velblouda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column column-2\">\n<h4><strong>Z kuchyn\u011b a&nbsp;stolov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00edt n\u011b\u010deho pln\u00e9 zuby<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fdt v&nbsp;n\u011b\u010dem namo\u010den\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>M\u00edt hlad jako vlk<\/li>\n<li>Va\u0159it z\u00a0vody<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"columns columns-2\" data-columns=\"2\">\n<div class=\"column column-1\">\n<h4><strong>Z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ka\u017edodennosti:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Mluvit do v\u011btru<\/li>\n<li>Dostat za u\u0161i<\/li>\n<li>V\u011b\u0161et bul\u00edky na nos<\/li>\n<li>Hodit flintu do \u017eita<\/li>\n<li>Hr\u00e1t druh\u00e9 housle<\/li>\n<li>M\u00edt \u017eivot jako na houpa\u010dce<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column column-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74971\" src=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ceske-idiomy-hrat-druhe-housle-948x520.jpg\" alt=\"\u010desk\u00e9 idiomy hr\u00e1t druh\u00e9 housle\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d jsou idiomy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p>Idiomy nejsou jen jazykov\u00e1 ozdoba \u2013 jsou to kl\u00ed\u010de ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu porozum\u011bn\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky nim dok\u00e1\u017eeme vyj\u00e1d\u0159it slo\u017eit\u00e9 my\u0161lenky jednodu\u0161e, emoce barvit\u011b a&nbsp;situace s\u00a0nadhledem. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed n\u00e1m b\u00fdt vtipn\u00fdmi, trefn\u00fdmi, ale i&nbsp;empatick\u00fdmi \u2013 a&nbsp;hlavn\u011b: zn\u00edme d\u00edky nim jako skute\u010dn\u00ed rodil\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pro studenty ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f je zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed idiom\u016f \u010dasto jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;posledn\u00edch krok\u016f na cest\u011b k&nbsp;opravdov\u00e9 plynulosti. A&nbsp;pro rodil\u00e9 mluv\u010d\u00ed jsou idiomy ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kulturn\u00ed identity.<\/p>\n<p>Zkr\u00e1tka kdo mluv\u00ed bez idiom\u016f, jako by va\u0159il bez ko\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Zaj\u00edmavosti o&nbsp;\u010desk\u00fdch idiomech<\/h3>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00e9 idiomy jsou nejen z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, ale i&nbsp;pln\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 z&nbsp;nich maj\u00ed ko\u0159eny ve star\u00fdch \u0159emeslech, p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nebo historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech \u2013 a&nbsp;\u010dasto n\u00e1s dok\u00e1\u017eou spojit s&nbsp;jin\u00fdmi jazyky v\u00edc, ne\u017e bychom \u010dekali.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Idiomy, kter\u00e9 cestuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d jazyky<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed obraty, mnoho idiom\u016f m\u00e1 podobn\u00fd v\u00fdznam v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. Jen zn\u00ed trochu jinak:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kdy\u017e u&nbsp;n\u00e1s \u201epr\u0161\u00ed jako z&nbsp;konve\u201c, v&nbsp;angli\u010dtin\u011b \u201epr\u0161\u00ed ko\u010dky a&nbsp;psi\u201c (\u201eit\u2019s raining cats and dogs\u201c).<\/li>\n<li>\u201eD\u011blat z&nbsp;kom\u00e1ra velblouda\u201c odpov\u00edd\u00e1 anglick\u00e9mu \u201emake a&nbsp;mountain out of a&nbsp;molehill\u201c (d\u011blat horu z&nbsp;krtince).<\/li>\n<li>A zat\u00edmco \u010ce\u0161i \u201eh\u00e1zej\u00ed flintu do \u017eita\u201c, Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 \u201ethrow in the towel\u201c (hod\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edk do ringu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Idiomy jako v\u00fdzva pro p\u0159ekladatele<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159ekl\u00e1dat idiomy doslova je jedna z&nbsp;nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb p\u0159i&nbsp;u\u010den\u00ed jazyk\u016f \u2013 a&nbsp;z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedna z&nbsp;nejz\u00e1bavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. P\u0159edstavte si Angli\u010dana, kter\u00fd si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkdo v&nbsp;\u010cesku m\u00e1 \u201ebutter on his head\u201c\u2026 Proto se profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ekladatel\u00e9 \u010dasto mus\u00ed rozhodovat: zachovat obraz, v\u00fdznam, nebo naj\u00edt kulturn\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fd ekvivalent?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee spojen\u00ed<strong> \u201em\u00edt m\u00e1slo na hlav\u011b\u201c<\/strong> m\u00e1 historick\u00fd z\u00e1klad?<br \/>\n<strong>V 15.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed bylo ve francouzsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech zvykem<\/strong>, \u017ee trhovkyn\u011b, kter\u00e9 \u0161idily m\u00e1slo, byly za trest postaveny na pran\u00fd\u0159 a&nbsp;musely st\u00e1t s&nbsp;hroudou m\u00e1sla na hlav\u011b tak dlouho, a\u017e se na slunci rozteklo.<br \/>\nZ&nbsp;t\u00e9to praxe vzniklo r\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eilo stalet\u00ed a&nbsp;roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo se i&nbsp;do dal\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat idiomy<\/h3>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed idiom\u016f je jako dochucov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddla \u2013 s&nbsp;m\u00edrou dok\u00e1\u017eou dodat \u0161mrnc, ale kdy\u017e to p\u0159e\u017eenete, m\u016f\u017ee se to cel\u00e9 zkazit. Pokud je chcete pou\u017e\u00edvat spr\u00e1vn\u011b, dr\u017ete se t\u011bchto z\u00e1sad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kontext je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd<\/strong> \u2013 idiomy zn\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe v&nbsp;p\u0159irozen\u00e9, neform\u00e1ln\u00ed konverzaci. Pou\u017e\u00edt je p\u0159i&nbsp;obchodn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm dopise m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit nevhodn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e9n\u011b je v\u00edce<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dast\u00e9 nebo nep\u0159irozen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed idiom\u016f m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit nucen\u011b, a&nbsp;dokonce znep\u0159ehlednit sd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159izp\u016fsobte se situaci<\/strong> \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 idiomy jsou vtipn\u00e9 a&nbsp;hrav\u00e9, jin\u00e9 ironick\u00e9 nebo ostr\u00e9. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je vn\u00edmat, kdy a&nbsp;jak je pou\u017e\u00edt, aby komunikace z\u016fstala srozumiteln\u00e1 i&nbsp;citliv\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chcete-li idiomy pou\u017e\u00edvat efektivn\u011b, nejprve je dob\u0159e pochopte a&nbsp;sledujte, jak je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rodil\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010cast\u00e9 chyby p\u0159i&nbsp;pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed idiom\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>I kdy\u017e jsou idiomy z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, jejich nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k&nbsp;nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 nebo rovnou k&nbsp;\u00fasm\u011bvn\u00e9mu trapasu.<\/p>\n<p>Tady jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161lapy, kter\u00fdm je dobr\u00e9 se vyhnout:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch idiom\u016f dohromady<\/strong><br \/>\nNap\u0159.&nbsp;\u201eM\u00edt m\u00e1slo za u\u0161ima\u201c nebo \u201eV\u011b\u0161et flintu na nos\u201c \u2013 v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed smysl, i&nbsp;kdy\u017e jsou jejich \u010d\u00e1sti zn\u00e1m\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed v&nbsp;nevhodn\u00e9m kontextu<\/strong><br \/>\nNap\u0159.&nbsp;\u201eHodil jsem to za hlavu\u201c v&nbsp;motiva\u010dn\u00edm dopise m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 famili\u00e1rn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Doslovn\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/preklady\/\">p\u0159eklad<\/a> z&nbsp;jin\u00fdch jazyk\u016f<\/strong><br \/>\nNap\u0159.&nbsp;p\u0159evz\u00edt doslova anglick\u00fd idiom <strong>\u201ekick the bucket\u201c<\/strong> jako <strong>\u201ekopnout do kbel\u00edku\u201c<\/strong> m\u00edsto spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho \u201enat\u00e1hnout ba\u010dkory\u201c nebo \u201ezem\u0159\u00edt\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010ce\u0161tina nen\u00ed statick\u00e1 \u2013 i&nbsp;dnes vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 idiomy nebo se star\u00e9 obraty aktualizuj\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 z&nbsp;nich p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed z&nbsp;internetu, popkultury nebo ka\u017edodenn\u00ed komunikace:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201ejet bomby\u201c,<\/li>\n<li>\u201em\u00edt to na sal\u00e1mu\u201c,<\/li>\n<li>\u201ezasekl se jak Windows\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Idiomy \u017eij\u00ed s&nbsp;n\u00e1mi \u2013 a&nbsp;jejich v\u00fdvoj je d\u016fkazem, \u017ee jazyk nikdy nesp\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00e9 idiomy jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho jazyka, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje vyjad\u0159ovat se barvit\u011b a&nbsp;p\u0159esn\u011b. Jejich znalost a&nbsp;spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b obohatit na\u0161i komunikaci a&nbsp;pomoci n\u00e1m l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt \u010desk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oko\u0159e\u0148te si jazyk zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi fr\u00e1zemi! Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo \u201em\u00e1slo na hlav\u011b\u201c, rozhodn\u011b nejde o&nbsp;kucha\u0159sk\u00fd experiment. A&nbsp;kdy\u017e \u201ete\u010de do bot\u201c, rad\u011bji se rychle rozh\u00fdbe \u2013 i&nbsp;kdy\u017e m\u00e1 such\u00e9 pono\u017eky. \ud83e\uddc8\ud83d\udc5e \u010cesk\u00fd jazyk je pln\u00fd barevn\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f, kter\u00e9 neznamenaj\u00ed to, co na prvn\u00ed pohled vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed. Idiomy \u2013 tedy ust\u00e1len\u00e1 slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s&nbsp;obrazn\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem \u2013 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u0161emu projevu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":74964,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74955"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74981,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74955\/revisions\/74981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}