{"id":77298,"date":"2025-07-24T08:09:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T06:09:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/?p=77298"},"modified":"2025-07-18T09:46:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T07:46:16","slug":"muj-vs-svuj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/blog\/muj-vs-svuj\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u016fj vs. sv\u016fj"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010ce\u0161tina<\/a> je na prvn\u00ed pohled logick\u00e1, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 jevy dok\u00e1\u017eou potr\u00e1pit i pokro\u010dil\u00e9 mluv\u010d\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z \u010dast\u00fdch omyl\u016f je zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jmen m\u016fj<\/strong> a sv\u016fj<\/strong>. Ob\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch<\/strong>, a jejich nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u00fapln\u011b zm\u011bnit v\u00fdznam v\u011bty.<\/p>\n

Poj\u010fme si tedy ujasnit, jak\u00fd je mezi nimi rozd\u00edl a jak je spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Co jsou z\u00e1jmena a pro\u010d \u0159e\u0161\u00edme pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201em\u016fj\u201c a \u201esv\u016fj\u201c?<\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1jmena (pronomina)<\/em> jsou slovn\u00ed druhy, kter\u00e9 zastupuj\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 nebo p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na<\/strong>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na n\u011b ukazuj\u00ed. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1m mluvit stru\u010dn\u011bji a srozumiteln\u011bji \u2013 bez jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed bychom byli nuceni opakovat st\u00e1le stejn\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n

Rozli\u0161ujeme n\u011bkolik druh\u016f z\u00e1jmen, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • osobn\u00ed<\/strong> (j\u00e1, ty, on\u2026),<\/li>\n
  • p\u0159ivlast\u0148ovac\u00ed<\/strong> (m\u016fj, tv\u016fj, jeho\u2026),<\/li>\n
  • ukazovac\u00ed<\/strong>, t\u00e1zac\u00ed<\/strong>, neur\u010dit\u00e1<\/strong>, z\u00e1porn\u00e1<\/strong>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    P\u0159ivlast\u0148ovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmena<\/h3>\n

    Tato z\u00e1jmena vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed, komu n\u011bco pat\u0159\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • osoba: m\u016fj<\/strong>, n\u00e1\u0161<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      • osoba: tv\u016fj<\/strong>, v\u00e1\u0161<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
        • osoba: jeho<\/strong>, jej\u00ed<\/strong>, jejich<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

          To je m\u016fj<\/strong> se\u0161it.
          \nVid\u011bla jsem jej\u00ed<\/strong> auto.<\/p>\n

          Zvratn\u00e9 p\u0159ivlast\u0148ovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno<\/h3>\n

          Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1jmeno sv\u016fj<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1me zvratn\u00fdm p\u0159ivlast\u0148ovac\u00edm z\u00e1jmenem<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ho v\u017edy tehdy, kdy\u017e p\u0159ivlast\u0148ovan\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt pat\u0159\u00ed podm\u011btu v\u011bty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

          Eva si vzala sv\u016fj<\/strong> kab\u00e1t.
          \n(Kab\u00e1t pat\u0159\u00ed Ev\u011b \u2013 je podm\u011btem v\u011bty.)<\/em><\/p>\n

          M\u016fj vs. sv\u016fj: Jak\u00fd je mezi nimi rozd\u00edl?<\/h3>\n

          \ud83d\udd39 \u201eM\u016fj\u201c<\/strong> (nebo tv\u016fj, jej\u00ed, jeho\u2026) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, kdy\u017e vlastn\u00edk nen\u00ed toto\u017en\u00fd s podm\u011btem v\u011bty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udd39 \u201eSv\u016fj\u201c<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tehdy, kdy\u017e vlastn\u00edk je shodn\u00fd s podm\u011btem v\u011bty<\/strong> \u2013 tzn. podm\u011bt n\u011bco p\u0159ivlast\u0148uje s\u00e1m sob\u011b.<\/p>\n

          P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
            \n
          • Marek si vzal sv\u016fj batoh.<\/strong>
            \n(Batoh pat\u0159\u00ed Markovi \u2013 shoda s podm\u011btem \u2192 \u201esv\u016fj\u201c.)<\/em><\/li>\n
          • Marek si vzal jeho batoh.<\/strong>
            \n(Batoh pat\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu ne\u017e Markovi \u2013 nap\u0159. bratrovi \u2192 \u201ejeho\u201c.)<\/em><\/li>\n
          • Lucie si vzala svou knihu.<\/strong>
            \n(Kniha pat\u0159\u00ed Lucii.)<\/em><\/li>\n
          • Lucie si vzala mou knihu.<\/strong>
            \n(Kniha pat\u0159\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00edmu \u2013 tedy \u201emn\u011b\u201c.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            Pozor na zm\u011bnu v\u00fdznamu!<\/strong><\/h5>\n

            N\u011bkdy sta\u010d\u00ed zam\u011bnit jedno z\u00e1jmeno a v\u011bta z\u00edsk\u00e1 \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Petr otev\u0159el svou sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148.<\/strong>
              \n\u2192 Otev\u00edr\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed jemu.<\/li>\n
            • Petr otev\u0159el jeho sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148.<\/strong>
              \n\u2192 Otev\u00edr\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu (nap\u0159. bratrovi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sledovat, komu v\u011bc skute\u010dn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 a podle toho volit z\u00e1jmeno.<\/p>\n

              V\u00fdjimky a jazykov\u00e9 chyt\u00e1ky<\/h3>\n
              Dlouh\u00e9 v\u011bty a vedlej\u0161\u00ed v\u011bty<\/strong><\/h5>\n

              Kdy\u017e se ve v\u011bt\u011b objev\u00ed v\u00edce osob nebo v\u00edce sloves, snadno se ztrat\u00ed p\u0159ehled o tom, kdo je podm\u011btem<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

              Jana \u0159ekla Ev\u011b, \u017ee si zapomn\u011bla svou pen\u011b\u017eenku.<\/strong>
              \n\u2192 Pen\u011b\u017eenku si zapomn\u011bla Jana (podm\u011bt v\u011bty: ona si zapomn\u011bla<\/em>).<\/p>\n

              Jana \u0159ekla Ev\u011b, \u017ee zapomn\u011bla jej\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenku.<\/strong>
              \n\u2192 Pen\u011b\u017eenka pat\u0159\u00ed Ev\u011b, ale zapomn\u011bla ji Jana.<\/p>\n

              Jin\u00fd slovosled<\/strong><\/h5>\n

              Podm\u011bt v\u011bty nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt na za\u010d\u00e1tku<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

              Tom\u00e1\u0161 uk\u00e1zal Michalovi sv\u016fj nov\u00fd d\u016fm.<\/strong>
              \n\u2192 D\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed Tom\u00e1\u0161ovi.<\/p>\n

              Tom\u00e1\u0161 uk\u00e1zal Michalovi jeho nov\u00fd d\u016fm.<\/strong>
              \n\u2192 D\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed Michalovi.<\/p>\n

              Vynech\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u011btu<\/strong><\/h5>\n

              Ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch v prvn\u00ed osob\u011b b\u00fdv\u00e1 pravidlo \u010dasto opom\u00edjeno, proto\u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1 tendenci \u0159\u00edkat \u201em\u016fj\u201c, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u201esv\u016fj\u201c:<\/p>\n

              J\u00e1 si uklid\u00edm sv\u016fj pokoj.<\/strong> \u2705
              \nJ\u00e1 si uklid\u00edm m\u016fj pokoj.<\/strong> \u274c
              \n(\u201eSv\u016fj\u201c je spr\u00e1vn\u011b, proto\u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed je podm\u011btem i vlastn\u00edkem.)<\/em><\/p>\n

              Procvi\u010dte si to!<\/h3>\n

              Vyberte spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmeno podle smyslu v\u011bty. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu uve\u010fme kontext, aby bylo jasn\u00e9, komu dan\u00e1 v\u011bc pat\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

              Eva si obl\u00e9kla ___ \u0161aty, kter\u00e9 si koupila minul\u00fd t\u00fdden.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (\u0160aty pat\u0159\u00ed Ev\u011b.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 sv\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Eva si obl\u00e9kla ___ \u0161aty, kter\u00e9 jsem j\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dila.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (\u0160aty pat\u0159\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00edmu.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 moje<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Pavel pomohl Petrovi s ___ \u00fakolem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (\u00dakol pat\u0159il Petrovi.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 jeho<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Pavel si kone\u010dn\u011b ud\u011blal ___ \u00fakol.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (\u00dakol pat\u0159il Pavlovi.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 sv\u016fj<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0158editel ocenil Janu za ___ n\u00e1vrh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (N\u00e1vrh p\u0159ipravila Jana.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 jej\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0158editel ocenil Janu za ___ n\u00e1vrh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (N\u00e1vrh p\u0159ipravil \u0159editel a Jana ho prezentovala.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 sv\u016fj<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Vzal jsem si ___ batoh a ode\u0161el dom\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              (Mluv\u010d\u00ed si vzal vlastn\u00ed batoh.)<\/em>
              \n\u2705 sv\u016fj<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Shrnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • \u2705 \u201eSv\u016fj\u201c<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, kdy\u017e podm\u011bt v\u011bty p\u0159ivlast\u0148uje n\u011bco s\u00e1m sob\u011b<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
              • \u2705 \u201eM\u016fj\u201c<\/strong>, tv\u016fj<\/strong>, jej\u00ed<\/strong>, jeho<\/strong> atd. pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, kdy\u017e p\u0159ivlast\u0148ujeme n\u011bco n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu ne\u017e podm\u011btu v\u011bty<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
              • \u2757 Z\u00e1m\u011bna z\u00e1jmena \u010dasto zm\u011bn\u00ed smysl v\u011bty<\/strong>, proto se vyplat\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159i jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                \u010ce\u0161tina je na prvn\u00ed pohled logick\u00e1, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 jevy dok\u00e1\u017eou potr\u00e1pit i pokro\u010dil\u00e9 mluv\u010d\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z \u010dast\u00fdch omyl\u016f je zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jmen m\u016fj a sv\u016fj. Ob\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch, a jejich nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u00fapln\u011b zm\u011bnit v\u00fdznam v\u011bty. Poj\u010fme si tedy ujasnit, jak\u00fd je mezi nimi rozd\u00edl a jak je spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat. Co jsou z\u00e1jmena […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":77299,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77298"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77309,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77298\/revisions\/77309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skrivanek.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}